Management of composite software services

ABSTRACT

A computer implemented method, data processing system, computer usable program code, and active repository are provided for management of a software service. A request is received to deploy the software service in a computer network. A dependency analysis is performed for the requested software service to determine component software services and physical resources necessary to deploy and manage new software service as a composite in responsive to the software service being the new software service. An active object is created to manage the new software service using an active template based on the analysis. The new software service is deployed in the computer network using the active object. The new software service is managed using the active object.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/453,508,filed Jun. 15, 2006, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to networked computer systems.More particularly, the present invention relates to software and systemsmanagement in networked computer environments.

2. Description of the Related Art

Distributed environments such as clusters of computing systems, datacenters, and grid systems involve managing a large number of resourcesand service components. Typical end-service provided to the users ofsuch systems require composition of multiple resources and servicecomponents, which together deliver the end-service that is of interestto the users. Such composition of multiple components require carefulconfiguration of the components and deployment of these components, suchthat they interface with each other in a compatible manner so that thecomposite service is deployed, initialized, handles the workloadsubmitted by users, handles component level faults gracefully, andprovides robust service while handling fluctuations in the workload.

Realizing such composition from components involve orchestration of alarge number of heterogeneous resources and service components. Managingthe various tasks manually tends to be tedious and error prone. Themagnitude of the complexity increases when resources belong to multipleadministrative domains. While grid-based systems can facilitate resourcesharing across multiple administrative domains, the grid-based systemsare much harder to manage from a system administration point of view.One reason for the harder management is that the currentstate-of-the-art in system management technology has not kept pace withthe advances in middleware and grid technologies. Some progress has beenmade in managing single or cluster-based systems. Even for such systems,system administrators face a much higher level of complexity when theyconfigure and deploy a new service on an existing infrastructure ormanage the lifecycle of the existing service and software stack. Thesituation is much worse in a complex application environment; forexample, an environment involving orchestration of a workflow formed bymultiple business processes. In such a case, deployment and life cyclemanagement solutions need to take an integrated view of the multipletiers involved and current system management technologies do not providethe necessary means to build such solutions.

Traditional methods for configuration and deployment of softwarecomponents rely heavily upon domain experts' knowledge about thecomponent requirements, availability of middleware and the underlyinginfrastructure, and overall IT environment. Using this backgroundknowledge, a system administrator is first required to configure theexisting infrastructure and then customize the configuration anddeployment steps for a new component, so the new component can bedeployed successfully. In case of distributed components, such anapproach can be time consuming, error prone, and non-scalable to largescale installations. Further, such an approach does not lend itself toautomation as system administrators are key components in the deploymentworkflow.

The ability to configure and manage large installations of systems hasbeen an active area of research within the information technologycommunity. The Local Configuration (LCFG) is a currently used scriptbased system that dynamically configures machines based uponconfiguration information stored in a central database (Anderson, P.,“Towards a High-Level Machine Configuration System,” LISA, 1994). Theinformation pertains to network, system and services that need to beconfigured on the system. Smart Framework for Object Groups (SmartFrog)is a known system for specifying the configuration, and deployment ofdistributed applications (Goldsack, P., Guijarro, J., Mecheneau, G.,Murray, P., Toft, P., “SmartFrog: Configuration and Automatic Ignitionof Distributed Applications,” HP OVUA 2003). SmartFrog provides alanguage to specify the configuration of applications and dependenciesbetween them. SmartFrog provides an infrastructure for processing anddeploying applications on the distributed systems. The GridWeaverproject is exploring the notion of combining LCFG and SmartFrogtechnologies for configuration management of large systems. TheOrganization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards(OASIS) effort is looking at managing distributed resources using Webservices. The Grid Forum is attempting to standardize the specificationlanguage as part of the Configuration Description, Deployment, andLifecycle Management (CDDLM) activity.

Some technologies provide means to monitor individual Java™ 2 PlatformEnterprise Edition (J2EE) components that are participating in providinga service. The technology helps system administrators to monitorperformance, identify failures, and check performance bottlenecks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A computer implemented method, data processing system, computer usableprogram code, and active repository are provided for management of acomposite software service. The illustrative embodiments receive arequest for using the software service. If the software service is notyet deployed in the computer network, the illustrative embodimentsconfigure and deploy a new instance of the software service in thecomputer network. If the software service is deployed but is notadequately configured and provisioned to perform at a level required bythe request, the software service is reconfigured and redeployed. Theillustrative embodiments perform an analysis of other supportingsoftware services and physical resources needed to deploy the softwareservice and may reconfigure and/or deploy additional software servicesto enable the deployment of the software service.

To perform these management functions, the illustrative embodimentscreate an active object in an active repository to manage the newsoftware service using an active template based on the analysis. Theillustrative embodiments deploy the new software service in the computernetwork using the active object and manage the new software servicethroughout its lifecycle using the active object. The active objects inthe active repository interact with one another while controlling andmanaging the software services. These interactions lead to servicemanagement actions such that desired service compositions are realizedby the software services and the compositions are maintained in theirdesired states.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the illustrativeembodiments are set forth in the appended claims. The illustrativeembodiments themselves, however, as well as a preferred mode of use,further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood byreference to the following detailed description of an illustrativeembodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a pictorial representation of a network of dataprocessing systems in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments maybe implemented;

FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a data processing system in whichaspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented;

FIG. 3 depicts a composition based service management infrastructureusing an active repository for configuration and deployment inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 4 depicts the components of an active repository in accordance withan illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 5 depicts the exemplary functional components and managementinterfaces associated with an active object in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 6 depicts macro-level controls for managing the composite servicesin accordance with an illustrative embodiment; and

FIG. 7 depicts a flowchart of an operation used to deploy and manage asoftware service in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The following document uses the term physical resource or resource tomean a hardware resource such as a computer server, a computer network,a file system, etc. Such resources may be turned on or off, shared orused in dedicated mode, and have a physical location. The term computerservice is used to indicate a service provided by a computer programthat runs on top of one or more resources.

The illustrative embodiments provide a solution to the management ofsoftware components and services. With reference now to the figures andin particular with reference to FIGS. 1-2, exemplary diagrams of dataprocessing environments are provided in which embodiments may beimplemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1-2 are only exemplaryand are not intended to assert or imply any limitation with regard tothe environments in which aspects or embodiments may be implemented.Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the illustrative embodiments.

With reference now to the figures, FIG. 1 depicts a pictorialrepresentation of a network of data processing systems in which aspectsof the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Network dataprocessing system 100 is a network of computers in which embodiments maybe implemented. Network data processing system 100 contains network 102,which is the medium used to provide communications links between variousdevices and computers connected together within network data processingsystem 100. Network 102 may include connections, such as wire, wirelesscommunication links, or fiber optic cables.

In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 connect to network102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112, and 114connect to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and 114 may be, forexample, personal computers or network computers. In the depictedexample, server 104 provides data, such as boot files, operating systemimages, and applications to clients 110, 112, and 114. Clients 110, 112,and 114 are clients to server 104 in this example. Network dataprocessing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and otherdevices not shown.

In the depicted example, network data processing system 100 is theInternet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection ofnetworks and gateways that use the Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicatewith one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone ofhigh-speed data communication lines between major nodes or hostcomputers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental,educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Ofcourse, network data processing system 100 also may be implemented as anumber of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet,a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN). FIG. 1 isintended as an example, and not as an architectural limitation fordifferent embodiments.

With reference now to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a data processingsystem is shown in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may beimplemented. Data processing system 200 is an example of a computer,such as server 104 or client 110 in FIG. 1, in which computer usablecode or instructions implementing the processes for embodiments may belocated.

In the depicted example, data processing system 200 employs a hubarchitecture including a north bridge and memory controller hub (MCH)202 and a south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (ICH) 204.Processor 206, main memory 208, and graphics processor 210 are coupledto north bridge and memory controller hub 202. Graphics processor 210may be coupled to the MCH through an accelerated graphics port (AGP),for example.

In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 is coupledto south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 and audio adapter 216,keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem 222, read only memory (ROM) 224,universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communications ports 232, andPCI/PCIe devices 234 are coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub204 through bus 238, and hard disk drive (HDD) 226 and CD-ROM drive 230are coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 through bus 240.PCI/PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters, add-incards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card buscontroller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flashbinary input/output system (BIOS). Hard disk drive 226 and CD-ROM drive230 may use, for example, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) orserial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface. A super I/O(SIO) device 236 may be coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub204.

An operating system runs on processor 206 and coordinates and providescontrol of various components within data processing system 200 in FIG.2. The operating system may be a commercially available operating systemsuch as Microsoft® Windows® XP (Microsoft and Windows are trademarks ofMicrosoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both).An object oriented programming system, such as the Java™ programmingsystem, may run in conjunction with the operating system and providescalls to the operating system from Java programs or applicationsexecuting on data processing system 200 (Java and all Java-basedtrademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the UnitedStates, other countries, or both).

Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programmingsystem, and applications or programs are located on storage devices,such as hard disk drive 226, and may be loaded into main memory 208 forexecution by processor 206. The processes of the illustrativeembodiments may be performed by processor 206 using computer implementedinstructions, which may be located in a memory such as, for example,main memory 208, read only memory 224, or in one or more peripheraldevices.

The hardware in FIGS. 1-2 may vary depending on the implementation.Other internal hardware or peripheral devices, such as flash memory,equivalent non-volatile memory, or optical disk drives and the like, maybe used in addition to or in place of the hardware depicted in FIGS.1-2. Also, the processes of the illustrative embodiments may be appliedto a multiprocessor data processing system.

In some illustrative examples, data processing system 200 may be apersonal digital assistant (PDA), which is generally configured withflash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating systemfiles and/or user-generated data. A bus system may be comprised of oneor more buses, such as a system bus, an I/O bus and a PCI bus. Of coursethe bus system may be implemented using any type of communicationsfabric or architecture that provides for a transfer of data betweendifferent components or devices attached to the fabric or architecture.A communications unit may include one or more devices used to transmitand receive data, such as a modem or a network adapter. A memory may be,for example, main memory 208 or a cache such as found in north bridgeand memory controller hub 202. A processing unit may include one or moreprocessors or CPUs. The depicted examples in FIGS. 1-2 andabove-described examples are not meant to imply architecturallimitations. For example, data processing system 200 also may be atablet computer, laptop computer, or telephone device in addition totaking the form of a PDA.

The aspects of the illustrative embodiments provide for a computerimplemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code forcompiling source code. The methods of the illustrative embodiments maybe performed in a data processing system, such as data processing system100 shown in FIG. 1 or data processing system 200 shown in FIG. 2.

The illustrative embodiments provide a computer implemented method, dataprocessing system, computer usable program code and active repositoryfor the management of software services. A software service is a serviceprovided by a computer program or a collection of programs that runs ona local and/or remote computer network, provides partial or completesolution to a service request, and does not require the requester toperform any of the management tasks associated with the serviceincluding configuration, deployment, and life-cycle management tasks.Some examples of a software service are a payroll service, customerrelation service, supply-chain management service, search engineservice, e-mail service, authentication service, messaging service, ageneric application management service such as the one provided byWebSphere® Application Server, database service, network connectivityservice, and so on.

Software service management includes service dependency analysis,planning and scheduling resources and deployed services, configurationmanagement, deployment management, and post-deployment lifecyclemanagement. These management functions are themselves software services.The illustrative embodiments provide these management services so thatthe necessary installation, configuration, and deployment of softwareservices are performed in a systematic and controlled manner in responseto service requests from users. Further, the embodiments manage thedeployed services so that the services perform at the level desired bycurrent request workload and/or anticipated future workloads and theseservices are taken offline or terminated when not required or requiremaintenance.

The illustrative embodiments provide management services to maintain thedeployed services in a desired state and take corrective actions whenthe service state deviates from the desired state. In response to analert pertaining to a particular service, the management services in theembodiments automatically trigger analysis to determine the cause of thealert, determine if an alternate resource or supporting service needs tobe used, and redeploy the managed services using alternate resourcesand/or services. These management services are scalable, inherentlyautonomic, and may manage services for multiple platforms.

FIG. 3 depicts a composition based service management infrastructureusing an active repository for configuration and deployment inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment. In composition based servicemanagement infrastructure 300, new type of service requests 302 andservice requests of currently supported request types 304 arrive atservice infrastructure manager interface 306. A service request is arequest for service either from (i) an end-user, (ii) another service inthe system, or (iii) another service elsewhere in the network. Therequested service is a service that the system is capable of providingusing one or more software services and physical resources supported bythe system.

Note that a request may be processed by multiple software servicesbefore completion and all such services need to be made available byconfiguring, deploying, and managing at runtime. A software service maybe supported by the system, but the software service may not beconfigured and deployed at all times. Even if the software service isconfigured and deployed, the software service may not be configured tofulfill the requirements of the service request in terms of desiredperformance and/or the manner in which the service is to be delivered;e.g., a request may ask for a service to be delivered in secure or indedicated service delivery mode.

New type of service requests 302 consist of requests for softwareservices, which are currently not configured and deployed in the system.Service requests of currently supported request types 304 are thoserequests that are requesting services that are already configured anddeployed in the system. Also, note that the requests, of new orcurrently supported types, are serviced by software services that run onend-point resources 314. Processing of the requests at serviceinfrastructure manager interface 306 takes place transparent to theservice requesters.

Administrators may interact with the system for performing actions, suchas setting policies, configuring or reconfiguring resource states, forconfiguring and deploying software services by overriding defaultsettings, etc. using administrator interface 308. Commands issued byadministrators are sent via administrator interface 308 to serviceinfrastructure manager interface 306. At the backend, serviceinfrastructure manager interface 306 interacts with orchestration andmanagement services 310 and active repository 312. Active repository 312consists of active objects and active templates. The active objectsinteract with end-point resources 314 or with the software services thatrun on top of the end-point resources via end-point management interface316. In addition, orchestration and management services 310 alsointeract with active repository 312. As mentioned earlier, requests areactually processed at end-point resources 314.

FIG. 4 depicts the components of an active repository in accordance withan illustrative embodiment. Active repository 402 may be an activerepository, such as active repository 312 of FIG. 3. As describedpreviously, active repository 402 consists of active templates 404 andactive objects 406. An active template is a template for an activeobject. An active object is a management object that is used to managean instantiated or to be instantiated service instance, such as one ofmanaged service components 408, using available resources and othermanaged service instances. Each physical resource and service componentin the system has a representative active object in active repository402. The active object manages that resource or that service componentby performing state and dependency management, configuration,deployment, and lifecycle management. For each type of service beingmanaged, there is an active template in active templates 404 in activerepository 402.

Whenever a new instance of a service is instantiated, a new activeobject is also instantiated in active objects 406 from an activetemplate in active templates 404 that represents the type of servicebeing instantiated. However, not every active template in activetemplates 404 may have an instantiated active object in active objects406 at all times.

As new services are composed and instantiated on top of existingservices and/or physical resources, new active objects are instantiatedin active objects 406. Similarly, when a composite service is no longerneeded, both the composite service and the active object used to managethat composite service are both terminated. The terminated active objectis garbage collected. In addition, the active objects within activeobjects 406 corresponding to the component services or resources used tosupport and compose the service being terminated are all updated toreflect the fact that they are no longer supporting the compositeservice. When a component service is no longer needed, the correspondingactive object within active objects 406 is destroyed and garbagecollected, unless the policies dictate otherwise. For example, a policymay dictate that at least one service instance be deployed at all timesregardless of the current demand on that service. In such a case allinstances of that service, except the last one, are terminated whenthere is no demand for that service.

Active templates 404 are updated as their scope changes or as theenvironment controlled by the corresponding active object within activeobjects 406 evolves or fixes are to be applied to active objects 406.New active templates are also introduced into active templates 404 whennew types of resources or services are introduced in the managedenvironment. For example, when WebSphere® 6.0 is introduced in thesystem as an Enterprise JavaBeans™ (EJB) container service, a newtemplate is introduced in active templates 404. This is done even if anactive template for WebSphere® 5.x existed in the active templates 404.This is because managing WebSphere® 6.0 is significantly different thanmanaging WebSphere® 5.x containers. The active template has informationon service being provided, dependency requirements, configuration anddeployment information for one or more platforms.

When WebSphere® 6.01 is to be supported, a new template is notintroduced, but the existing template is updated to accommodate thedifferences. The update is performed because the differences in tworelease versions are small from the point of view of management. Theactive objects derived from the template may manage a WebSphere® 6.0container as well as a WebSphere® 6.01 container. Similarly, ifinitially WebSphere® 6.0 is to be deployed only on Linux® platforms, thetemplate for WebSphere® 6.0 has the information for managing thecontainer on Linux® platforms only. If later, WebSphere® 6.0 is to bedeployed and supported on Windows® platforms as well, the template forWebSphere® 6.0 needs to be updated to add this capability, which is anexample of changing the scope of a template.

Each active object in active objects 406 in active repository 402 isprogrammed to manage a particular resource or a service component todeliver component specific service by achieving a desired state. Adesired state is the state required to achieve a desired effect orbehavior from the actual service instance managed by the active object.Each active object in active objects 406 is aware of the current stateand the desired state of the managed resource or service component forwhich it has management responsibilities. The desired state of an activeobject may be influenced by system administrators, policy managers, orother objects in the system. Active repository 402 provides facilitiesfor performing lookup, service/resource brokering, for creating groupmemberships, setting policies, and so on.

The controls for configuration and deployment are executed at twolevels: one is at micro-level and the other is at macro-level. Themicro-level controls operate at the level of service template andservice instance objects. Overall controls necessary to orchestratemultiple services in support of one or more higher level services arefacilitated by the macro-level controls. The macro-level controls allowmanagement services to orchestrate actions such as federated serviceconfiguration and deployment in a consistent manner. The macro-levelsystem controls are built on top of and by leveraging the micro-levelsystem controls.

All planning related logic such as for dependency resolution and sharingof supporting services is encapsulated in active objects 406. This logicis dynamically updatable and plug-ins may be inserted to addfunctionality that did not exist before.

Each of active objects 406 has four functional components for managingthe service the active object represents in the active repository. Thefour management functional components in the illustrative examples are:monitor, analyze, configure, and execute (MACE). These are shown in FIG.5.

FIG. 5 depicts the exemplary functional components and managementinterfaces associated with an active object in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. An active object is an active object such asone of active objects 406 of FIG. 4. In these examples, monitoringfunctional component 502 monitors the following entities:

-   -   (1) state of the managed service;    -   (2) state of the services that the managed service component        depends upon; i.e., the state of the service components that        provide support to the managed service (if any);    -   (3) state of service components supported by the managed        component, i.e., the state of the service components dependent        on the managed service component (if any); and    -   (4) administrative input.

Analyze functional component 504 provides the decision making capabilityto an active object. It is triggered into action by one of the followingevents:

-   -   (1) imbalances in the observed and desired state of the managed        object;    -   (2) imbalances in the functionality and service levels provided        by the supporting components; and    -   (3) imbalances in the functionality and the service levels        demanded by the components supported by this component.

Any of the above imbalances can occur because of changes either (i) inthe current state or (ii) in the desired state. For example, consider aWebSphere® Application Server that is installed on a server, butcurrently not launched. The current state of this Application Server is“Off line.” If the desired state is set to “On line” with certainattributes (such as buffer sizes, number of requests to handle,connections to a particular database, etc.) this results in an imbalancethat triggers the analyze component in corresponding active object.After it is made “On line” with the desired attributes, suppose that thecurrent state changes to “On line” and “Lost connection to database.”Again this results in an imbalance that triggers the analyze componentinto action. Changes in the current state are notified via themonitoring functional component 502. Changes in the desired state arebrought about either by (i) the orchestration and management services or(ii) administrative actions via the administrative interface, or (iii) arequest for service from another active object that requires actionunder the existing policies.

When analyze functional component 504 recognizes that there is animbalance between the current and the desired state of the managedobject, it performs an analysis to establishes an optimal configurablestate to which the managed service can be transformed to. To performthis analysis, it takes into account the state and the availability ofother services and resources in the system, as well as the demands andthe priorities of the current and to be supported service components orworkload. At the end of this analysis step the supporting resources andsoftware services are completely determined and the parameterscharacterizing the support are finalized (e.g., number of connections,port number, expected response time, minimum guaranteed bandwidth etc.).Similarly, the characteristics of the supported services are alsofinalized.

The complexity and nature of the analysis depends on the decisionchoices available to the analyze functional component 504. The desiredstate may be specified with a high degree of precision (e.g., “On line”Websphere® instance of specific version, release, patch level, on aspecific server with specific network adapters enabled, with specific IPaddresses, and specific Web services deployed in a specific manner). Insuch cases, where there are no choices, the analyze component identifiesthe resources and services to use and configuration parameters to applyto the supporting services so that the managed service can achieve thedesired state as prescribed.

On the other hand, the desired state may be specified with a range ofpossible states or with some degree of freedom (e.g., “On line”Websphere® instance that is version 6.0 compatible, on any of theservers in a particular network sub-domain, or the desired state ofapplication server may be set to “On line” with no constraints on theserver on which it is to be launched and thus, it could be the firstavailable server or the constraint may require using a server with thelargest amount of memory from a set of servers). When there are choicesin selecting and configuring the supporting services and resources,analyze functional component 504 makes the decisions by interacting withother active templates and/or active objects.

This is accomplished by formulating and solving an optimization problembased on the available capacities and performance levels and the demandson those by existing and new services being considered for configurationand deployment. The objectives of the optimization problem are governedby the policies associated with the managed object. Some examples ofpolicies associated with a managed service are exclusive use of theservice by certain user groups at specified time periods, time set asidefor maintenance purposes, preferred resource instances to use as supportresources, and so on.

Analyze functional component 504 takes these policies into account andtries to resolve as many imbalances in the system as possible. Ifimbalances cannot be completely eliminated, analyze functional component504 tries to satisfy the dependencies such that the achievable new stateis closest to its desired state and a transition is possible from thecurrent state to this new state. The outcome of this analysis determinesthe actual supporting services and resources to be used to correct theimbalances in the system. Since the state of these supporting servicesand resources determines the ultimate state to which the managed servicemay be transformed to, the managed service may not always realize theactual desired state but may realize a suboptimal state. Depending onhow far that realized state is from the desired state, the analysis andthe subsequent configuration and deployment steps may repeat.

Configure functional component 506 takes the output from analyzefunctional component 504 and performs the following tasks:

-   -   (1) create a plan of action to configure or to reconfigure the        existing state of the managed service component so the managed        service component may transition from its current state to the        new state in an optimal manner;    -   (2) determine the actual commands, scripts, and procedures to        run to bring the actual changes in the component; and    -   (3) send request messages to the supporting service components        before self configuration and send confirmation messages to the        dependent service after the configuration changes are in place.

Execute functional component 508 performs the following tasks:

-   -   (1) execution of the plan of actions determined by configure        functional component 506 so that risks of failure are managed        according to policies;    -   (2) execution of verification steps to confirm that the desired        changes have taken place;    -   (3) execution of alternative action plans when initial plans do        not succeed; and    -   (4) verification of interactions with supporting and dependent        components after the configuration changes are in place.

The encapsulation of the MACE function within each active object enablesthe corresponding managed software service to evolve independently andconcurrently with other services and to adapt to the dynamic changestaking place in the system. Unlike prior-art in this area, theseillustrative embodiments do not require a completely centralizedevaluation of the service components to manage those components. Thesystem described here allows for global policies to dictate the overallmanagement of the system without requiring centralized decision makingand execution capability. Whenever an active object needs to manipulatethe managed object, the active object triggers a system runtime. Thesystem runtime merely examines the state of the active object andperforms actions contained in the active object. Some of these actionsoperate on the managed service and others on other active objects in therepository.

For example, an active object may issue a command asking the managedobject to “go offline.” In another instance, it may send a notificationto another active object indicating that the support services are nolonger needed from the service managed by the notified active object.The state of the active object may be affected by the external eventssuch as resource monitors, service monitors, and other higher levelactive objects requesting management actions. When an event changes thestate of the active object, the management components described earlierare activated and the active object starts to steer the managed serviceto a more stable state.

Each active object in an active repository is associated with managementinterfaces to monitor and control the behavior of the managed resourcesor services. Exemplary management interfaces provided by an activeobject, such as one of active objects 406 of FIG. 4 are shown in FIG. 5.The exemplary functional components, described earlier, of an activeobject perform their management actions over the managed object usingthe exemplary management interfaces. Such management actions arereferred to as micro-level controls since the actions resulting fromthese controls affect individual end-point resources and softwareservice instance. Exemplary management interfaces are as follows:

(1) Service specification 510;

(2) Dependency requirements 512;

(3) Service configuration 514;

(4) Service deployment 516;

(5) Service state 518; and

(6) Lifecycle management 520.

Active objects inherit these management interfaces from the activetemplate from which the active object was instantiated in the firstplace. In the active templates the management interfaces are representedin a more generic manner covering multiple possible configurations anddeployment and lifecycle management procedures.

Service specification 510 identifies the functionalities provided by aservice. The service functionality includes both the actual physicalvalue delivered to the client and the manner in which the actualphysical value is delivered. The functions provided by a service maydepend on the manner in which the service is configured and deployed.For example, a stock-quote service may be deployed to provide real-timequotes or delayed quotes. Similarly, a document delivery service may beconfigured to deliver encrypted or unencrypted documents. In a servicetemplate object, all available functions are listed. A service instanceobject lists the specific functions selected and those that arecurrently enabled in that instance.

Dependency requirements 512 has two parts:

(a) requirements on dependent services; and

(b) requirements on depending services.

The first part of dependency requirements 512 describes the dependencyrequirements for making the service available. In a service templateobject, dependencies are listed for each function the service is capableof delivering. In a service instance object, dependencies are listedonly for the functions enabled in that instance. In addition to theresource dependencies (e.g., requires a server with at least two CPUsand Red Hat® Linux® Enterprise AS Release 3 OS), the dependencyinformation also includes both the spatial (e.g., a service may dependon a database and a file system and these need to be available on thesame subnet where the service is deployed) and temporal dependencies(e.g., a backup service may depend on access to high bandwidth networkfrom 2 AM to 3 AM on each Friday).

The second part of dependency requirements 512 describes therequirements imposed on the services that depend on this service. Thispart is meaningful only for services that are not deployed as high-levelservices. A high-level service is one that does not support any otherservice in the system, but may process end-user requests. Some of theserequirements are static (e.g., dependent on the software version), someare semi-static (e.g., dependent on the service functions enabled), andstill some others may be dynamic (e.g., depending on the quality ofservice delivered by its supporting services, a service may adjust therequirements the service imposes on the services that the servicesupports). In an active object, the dependency requirements are exposedonly for the functions enabled in service specification interface 510.

Service configuration 514 has three parts:

(a) configuration of supporting services;

(b) configuration of the managed service instance; and

(c) configuration of supported services.

The first part of service configuration 514 manages information onconfiguring supporting services so that this service instance may bedeployed on top of the supporting services. A versatile service shouldbe able to run on top of a large variety of supporting services thatprovide similar functionality. For example, if service can be deployedon server with AIX® operating system, then its range of operation islimited. But if the service can run on any flavor of Unix®, then theservices' range of operation is larger. The service is even larger, ifthe service may also be deployed on servers within the Windows®operating system.

However, as the range of acceptable supporting services grows, thechoices and associated deployment steps may become very complex (inaddition to managing multiple software packages). That complexity ismanaged by the first part of service configuration 514. For eachacceptable type of supporting service, service configuration 514maintains specific information on the parameters to be set and theinitialization steps to be performed (e.g., specific user and group idsmay need to be created prior to executing an installation step, databasetables may need to be initialized according to certain schema, aspecific file system may need to be mounted, and so on).

The second part of service configuration 514 manages information onconfiguring the managed service instance given a set of supportingservices that meet the dependency requirements. Service configuration514 also takes into account the specific service functionality to beenabled (as described in the service specification section) and managesthe configuration steps such that only the selected servicefunctionality is enabled.

The third part of service configuration 514 manages the manner in whichthe dependent services are to be configured. For example, serviceconfiguration 514 may provide a plug-in so a client may interact withservice configuration 514 in a specific manner, or listen on specificport so a dependent service may send requests, or publish informationusing a client specific topic on pub-sub messaging network, and so on.

Service deployment 516 manages the deployment of a service instancegiven a specific configuration of supporting services, the servicefunctionality to be enabled, and the higher-level services to besupported. Service deployment 516 consists of three parts:

(a) deployment actions;

(b) verification and integration tests; and

(c) recovery actions.

This section manages the actions based on the configuration specified inservice configuration 514. Verification and integration tests areprovided to manage complex deployment steps in an incremental manner.Service deployment 516 also incorporates recovery actions in case offailures during the verification and integration tests.

Service state 518 has three parts:

(a) state of the service delivered;

(b) state of the supporting services; and

(c) state of the supported services.

The first part of service state 518 lists the service functions selectedand enabled. For each one, service state 518 describes the observed andexpected performance ranges. The second part of service state 518 liststhe actual service instances selected to support this service. Servicestate 518 also describes current usage of each supporting serviceinstance by this service, service level agreements with each serviceinstance, and any violations. It also describes various attributes ofthe current state e.g., it may state that the service is deployed indedicated mode or in shared mode and may point to corresponding policiesor business rules. Similarly, the third part of service state 518 liststhe actual service instances supported by this service instance, demandplaced by those service instances, and current usage by the supportedservices. Service state 518 also lists any service level agreements withthe supported services and any violations.

Lifecycle management 520 has three parts:

-   -   (a) management of the service lifecycle;    -   (b) management of the lifecycle of the software package used to        deploy the service; and    -   (c) management of the lifecycle of the service management layer.

In the first part of lifecycle management 520, management of the servicelifecycle is primarily concerned with “start,” “stop,” “pause,” and“restart” type of lifecycle events on the service instance. In thesecond part of lifecycle management 520, the software lifecyclemanagement is concerned with the location of the software package,actions and permissions for accessing the software package, softwareversioning, upgrade, and patch management. In the third part oflifecycle management 520, the lifecycle of the service management layeritself is managed. This allows the service management layer to evolve orto terminate if a particular service is to be eliminated entirely.

The activities within an active object leading to analyses andsubsequent actions are driven by the state imbalances observed at thelevel of individual active objects. Decisions made at the analyzefunctional component 504 of an active object are local taking intoaccount information available to the active object and policiesapplicable to active object only. The decisions do not take into accountglobal policies or tradeoffs. For example, if an active object discoversthat it has a choice of using one of two groups of supporting servicesthat are functionally equivalent, but differ in performance, it mayselect one group based on local requirements using local criteria andpolicies without taking into account current or future needs of otherservices. Multiple active objects are simultaneously active and analyzefunctional components of multiple active objects are continuously tryingto optimize the state of the services they manage, within theiroperational constraints. In the following, these dynamics are explainedin the context of a deployment of a new service instance in response toa request for that type of service.

When a request for service cannot be served using an existing service orservice composite, the active template representing the type of servicerequested is notified. In turn, that template evaluates the request andeither instantiates a new active object to manage a new instance of thatservice or instructs an existing active object to reconfigure themanaged object to accommodate the new request. The instructions forreconfiguration are performed simply by changing the desired state ofthe managed service. The actions followed in such a case are a subset ofthe actions followed when a new active object is created. In thefollowing, the set of actions performed by a newly instantiated activeobject are described. These set of actions lead to composing anddeploying a composite service from component services by recursivelytraversing down the dependency tree and then building up the componentservice tree until the entire composite service is fully configured anddeployed.

At creation in the active repository, the immediate dependencies of anactive object are known but are unsatisfied. When an active object isinstantiated in active repository, the active object is assigned a statecalled a desired state and another state called the current state. Thecurrent state is the state of the service or resource managed by theactive object. The desired state is the expected state of the managedservice or resource.

Analyze functional component 504 in the active object continuouslymonitors the two states. If the two states do not match, analyzefunctional component 504 analyzes possible alternatives for transformingthe current state to the desired state and determines if there are anydependency requirements that must be fulfilled to achieve the desiredstate. Thus, if the current state is “off line” and the desired state is“on line” at the time when an active object is instantiated, analyzefunctional component 504 in the active object examines the dependenciesthat need to be satisfied to make the managed service or resource go “online.” The dependency information is stored in dependency requirements512 interface, which is one of the six management interfaces for themanaged object. Each dependency is expressed in terms of the type ofservice or resource required. The dependency analysis identifiesspecific types of services or resources needed to transform the currentstate to the desired sate. In addition, analyze functional component 504also determines the performance and any location constraints on theother services/resources required to satisfy the dependencies. This is afunction of the desired state.

For example, if the desired state of a Web service requires processing mtransactions per minute (value of m is known at this point), analyzefunctional component 504 first determines that the Web service woulddepend on a database service and then it quantifies the characteristicsof the database service that can meet the performance requirements.Since the database services are characterized by the speed with whichthey can read and update database records, analyze functional component504 computes the minimum read and update speeds of a database servicethat would qualify it as an eligible supporting service. In other words,analyze functional component 504 computes a set of performanceconstraints on the supporting database service. The relation between m,u, and r may be expressed by a simple algebraic formula or may requireevaluation of a polynomial equation representing the approximatebehavior of a database system.

The performance specific characteristics for determining the level ofperformance from supporting services needed to achieve a certain desiredstate are encoded in dependency requirements 512 interface. Note thatanalyze functional component 504 does not identify the exact instance ofthe managing service or resource to be used to satisfy a particulardependency. Analyze functional component 504 only quantifies the type ofmanagement service or resource needed and the performance, location, andsecurity constraints on the supporting components. The information onthe desired state, dependencies to be satisfied to arrive at that state,and constraints on the managing services or resources is then handedover to configure functional component 506.

Configure functional component 506 determines the actual components andthe portions of their capacities to be used to fulfill the dependencies.To make this determination, for each unsatisfied dependency, configurefunctional component 506 contacts the active template representing thetype of managing service or resource needed to satisfy that dependency.To each such active template, configure functional component 506 sends arequest for the type of service it is looking for and associatedconstraints that must be met. Each such active template tries to fulfillthe request in one of three ways: (i) assign an existing managingservice or resource to provide the necessary support, (ii) reconfigurethe existing service to accommodate the new demand, or (iii) configureand deploy a new service instance to provide the necessary support. Whennone of these alternatives are possible, configure functional component506 sends back a negative confirmation. When it is possible to providethe support, configure functional component 506 sends back the addressof the corresponding active object that manages the supporting service.Note that the performance constraints on the dependencies may beexpressed as an acceptable range. In this case, the identifiedsupporting service expected to deliver service in that range. Policiesalso play a role here. A policy may specify conditions when theconstraints may be relaxed and may specify the extent to which they maybe relaxed. The supporting active templates take these policies intoaccount when making their decisions.

The steps followed at each supporting active template are identical tothe steps described above in the context of the original request thattriggered actions at the active object. These steps are followedrecursively until either all the dependencies are resolved or it isdetermined that they cannot be resolved given a set of system resourcesand with the current set of policies. Thus, the entire dependency treefor providing support to any service component is traversed top-downfrom active templates to active objects to the supporting activetemplates and so on. The dependency tree of the actual services is builtin a bottom up manner by following a concurrent depth-first traversal ofthe dependency graph.

Once the supporting services are configured and deployed in a stateready to provide the necessary support, the requesting active object isnotified with a positive confirmation along with the specifics of theactive objects managing the supporting services. At this point, all themanaging service or resource components and their currentconfigurations, including their available capacities, are known at foreach node in the dependency graph. Using this information, configurefunctional component 506 quantifies the actual parameters to use inconfiguring the service on top of the supporting services. Theparameters may include, IP addresses, communication ports to use, userids, and passwords with access permissions to the supporting services,buffer sizes, and so on. These details depend on the type of service.This configuration information is then passed to execute functionalcomponent 508.

Execute functional component 508 executes setup and installationprocedures and sends commands so that the managed service isinstantiated in its desired state on top of the supporting services. Thecommands and procedures to be followed are stored in service deployment516 interface of the active object. This completes the deployment of theservice as a composition of component services. Following this, the userrequests are processed or other higher-level services are composed ontop of such a service composite.

As noted earlier, the entire process of determining the dependency treefrom by the component services is traversed dynamically via the activetemplates and active objects in the active repository. The actualservice components represented by the nodes in the dependency graph areconfigured and deployed in a bottom up manner by following a concurrentdepth-first traversal of the dependency graph.

If the actual components are already deployed, but the actual componentsneed to be reconfigured, the corresponding active object invokesspecific actions to bring about the desired configuration changes in thecomponent. Once a component is configured and deployed and itsperformance is satisfactory, the active object at the higher level inthe dependency graph is notified. The next level object configures anddeploys the actual component once all its supporting components areknown to be ready and functional. This continues until all components,including the high-level service component are configured, deployed, andbrought to the service delivery state.

Thus, at the micro-level, active objects control the active serviceinstances they are responsible to manage. In doing so, they alsoinfluence the behavior of the supporting and supported service orresource instances. Moreover, they respond to the changes in thebehavior of the supported and the supporting resources. However, themicro-level controls do not bring about simultaneous global changes thattake global constraints and policies into account. Such changes arebrought about by the macro-level controls. Macro-level controls areneeded to enforce global policies such as manner in which criticalresources are to be shared, manner in which demand is to be prioritizedand served, and so on. Such policies are necessary when there are scarceresources and demand may exceed supply. The policies are also necessarywhen complex decisions are to be made and the tradeoffs are notclear-cut.

A novelty of this illustrative embodiment is that it enables combiningglobal control mechanisms with the local micro-level managementcontrols.

FIG. 6 depicts macro-level controls for managing the composite servicesin accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Orchestration andmanagement services 600 are orchestration and management services, suchas orchestration and management services 310 of FIG. 3. Orchestrationand management services 600 consist of management services that providemacro-level controls for managing the composite services. Orchestrationand management services 600 are provided by the analysis and planningengine 602, configuration engine 604, deployment engine 606, monitoringengine 608, and lifecycle engine 610. Each of these engines interactswith active repository 612 and the management objects represented in theactive repository 612.

As mentioned earlier, the analysis and subsequent actions within anactive object is driven by the desired state of the managed serviceinstance alone. However, critical services and resources may requireglobal considerations in deciding allocations, sharing, and schedulingof such services and resources. In such cases, the analysis and planningengine 602 performs the arbitration and decisions on allocations,sharing, and scheduling. These decisions then determine the desiredstates of one or more active objects. Similarly, global configurationand deployment considerations result in scheduling steps at themicro-level for one or more active objects in the active repository,such as active repository 312 of FIG. 3. Thus, the macro-level controlsprovided by the five engines shown in FIG. 6 are transformed intomicro-controls. Active objects in active repository 612 control thecorresponding resource and component services so that the desiredeffects of the macro controls are realized at the micro-level.

As stated earlier, an active repository manages all life-cycle aspectsof software service components so as to deliver solutions in response toservice requests. The active repository performs this function takinginto account related system management policies as well constraintsplaced by the availability of physical resources. One aspect of thislife-cycle management is the composition of a complex service wheneverthere is a demand for such a service. Another aspect is the tearing downor decomposition of a complex service when there is no demand, orpolicies require such an action, or one or more supporting services areunavailable.

As an illustrative example, FIG. 7 depicts a flowchart of an operationused to deploy and manage a software service in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. As the operation begins, a request is receivedto deploy a software service in a computer network (step 702). If therequested software service is a new software service, the existingactive templates and active objects in the active repository, such asactive repository 312 of FIG. 3, perform an analysis of physicalresources associated with the requested software service to be managedand a current set of software services using these resources (step 704).

A new software service is a service that is not currently managed by anexisting active object. Following this analysis, the active templaterepresenting the type of the new service to be created, firstinstantiates an active object in the active repository (step 706). Thisactive object manages the new software service. The active repositorydeploys the software service in the network using the active object(step 708) and the active object manages the software service (step 710)with the operation ending thereafter. The actual deployment of thesoftware service is performed using methods described in relatedapplications. After the active object is created, the active objectmanages the software service as described with relation to FIG. 5.

If the requested software is an existing software service, the activerepository identifies an existing active object that manages theexisting software service. The existing software service is deployed inthe network using the existing active object and managed using theexisting active object.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments receive a request for service. If therequested service is currently not deployed, the embodiment, responsiveto the requested software service being a new software service, performan analysis of physical resources and other component software servicesrequired to configure and deploy the requested software service to bemanaged so it can serve this request and other similar requests. Thesesteps may result in identifying other component software services thatmay need to be configured or reconfigured and deployed or redeployed.The illustrative embodiments perform the necessary actions so therequested service can be made available as a composition of one or moremanaged service components to process the request.

The illustrative embodiments also respond to requests for services thatare currently deployed but not configured in a form desired forprocessing the request. The illustrative embodiments takes actions byreconfiguring and/or redeploying one or more service components andresources so the requested service can be deployed with the desiredconfiguration. The illustrative embodiments create an active object tomanage the new software service using an active template based on theanalysis. Finally, the illustrative embodiments deploy the new softwareservice in the network using the active object and manage the newsoftware service using the active object. The active objects in theactive repository interact with one another while controlling andmanaging the software services. These interactions lead to servicemanagement actions such that desired service compositions are realizedby the component software services and the compositions are maintainedin their desired states.

The invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, anentirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardwareand software elements. In a preferred embodiment, the invention isimplemented in software, which includes but is not limited to firmware,resident software, microcode, etc.

Furthermore, the invention can take the form of a computer programproduct accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable mediumproviding program code for use by or in connection with a computer orany instruction execution system. For the purposes of this description,a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any tangibleapparatus that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transportthe program for use by or in connection with the instruction executionsystem, apparatus, or device.

The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or apropagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include asemiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computerdiskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), arigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of opticaldisks include compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), compactdisk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system eitherdirectly or through intervening I/O controllers.

Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the dataprocessing system to become coupled to other data processing systems orremote printers or storage devices through intervening private or publicnetworks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of thecurrently available types of network adapters.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposesof illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention, the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer implemented method for management of asoftware service, the computer implemented method comprising: receivinga request to deploy the software service in a computer network;responsive to the software service being a new software service,performing a dependency analysis for the requested software service todetermine component software services and a first set of physicalresources necessary to deploy and manage the new software service as acomposite; creating an active object to manage the new software serviceusing an active template based on the dependency analysis, wherein theactive object is configured to make one or more decisions by interactingwith other active objects of other software services deployed in thecomputer network; responsive to the one or more decisions, deploying thenew software service in the computer network using the active object andin accordance with the one or more decisions made by the active object;and managing the new software service using the active object, whereinmanaging the new software service comprises: monitoring the new softwareservice to determine if the new software service must be re-deployed ona second set of physical resources based on a policy; and responsive tothe determination that the new software service must be re-deployed onthe second set of physical resources, re-deploying the new softwareservice to the second set of physical resources.
 2. The computerimplemented method of claim 1, wherein the dependency analysis istriggered by an imbalance in a current state and a desired state of thesoftware service, wherein the imbalance in the current state and thedesired state may occur in response to at least one of a servicerequest, a request from a dependent service, global policies, globalmanagement actions, administrative actions, a supporting service, asupporting physical resource, or a spontaneous change in a state of thesoftware service.
 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, whereinthe active object performs at least one of a monitoring function, ananalyzing function, a configuration function, or an execution function.4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the activetemplate represents one of a plurality of physical resources or one of aplurality of software service types in the computer network.
 5. Thecomputer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the active object uses aplurality of management interfaces to manage the new software service.6. The computer implemented method of claim 5, wherein the plurality ofmanagement interfaces comprises at least one of a service specificationinterface, a dependency requirements interface, a service configurationinterface, a service deployment interface, a service state interface, ora lifecycle management interface.
 7. The computer implemented method ofclaim 6, wherein the service specification interface identifiesfunctionalities provided by the new software service.
 8. The computerimplemented method of claim 6, wherein the dependency requirementsinterface provides at least one of: identifying the physical resourcesrequired for making the new software service available; or identifyingother software services required for making the new software serviceavailable; or identifying other software services that depend on the newsoftware service.
 9. The computer implemented method of claim 6, whereinthe service configuration interface provides at least one of: managinginformation on configuring supporting services so that the new softwareservice is deployed on top of the supporting services; managinginformation on configuring the new software service given a set of thesupporting services that meet a dependency requirement; or managing amanner in which the dependent services are to be configured.
 10. Thecomputer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the service deploymentinterface provides at least one of: managing deployment of the newsoftware service given a specific configuration of supporting services;managing a new software service functionality to be enabled; or managinghigher-level software services to be supported.
 11. The computerimplemented method of claim 6, wherein the service state interfaceprovides at least one of: listing software service functions selectedand enabled; listing first actual software service instances selected tosupport the new software service; listing second actual software serviceinstances supported by the new software service, demand placed bysoftware service instances, or current usage by supported services;listing any service level agreements with supported software serviceinstances; or listing any service level agreement violations.
 12. Thecomputer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the lifecycle managementinterface provides at least one of: managing a service lifecycle;managing a lifecycle of a software package used to deploy the newsoftware service; or managing a lifecycle of a service management layer.13. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:responsive to the software service being an existing software service,identifying an existing active object that manages the existing softwareservice; reconfiguring and deploying the existing software service inthe computer network using the existing active object; and managing theexisting software service using the existing active object.
 14. Thecomputer implemented method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of softwareservices are simultaneously managed by a plurality of active objectsfrom an active repository, wherein each active object responds to stateimbalances in the software service it manages.
 15. A data processingsystem comprising: a bus system; a communications system connected tothe bus system; a memory connected to the bus system, wherein the memoryincludes a set of instructions; and a processing unit connected to thebus system, wherein the processing unit executes the set of instructionsto receive a request to deploy a software service in a computer network;perform a dependency analysis for the software service to determinecomponent software services and a first set of physical resourcesnecessary to deploy and manage the software service as a composite inresponse to the software service being a new software service; create anactive object to manage the new software service using an activetemplate based on the dependency analysis, wherein the active object isconfigured to make one or more decisions by interacting with otheractive objects of other software services deployed in the computernetwork; responsive to the one or more decisions, deploy the newsoftware service in the computer network using the active object and inaccordance with the one or more decisions made by the active object; andmanage the new software service using the active object wherein managingthe new software service comprises: monitoring the new software serviceto determine if the new software service must be re-deployed on a secondset of physical resources based on a policy; and responsive to thedetermination that the new software service must be re-deployed on thesecond set of physical resources, re-deploying the new software serviceto the second set of physical resources.
 16. The data processing systemof claim 15, wherein the dependency analysis is triggered by animbalance in a current state and a desired state of the softwareservice, wherein the imbalance in the current state and the desiredstate may occur in response to at least one of a service request, arequest from a dependent service, global policies, global managementactions, administrative actions, a supporting service, a supportingphysical resource, or a spontaneous change in a state of the softwareservice.
 17. A non-transitory computer program product comprising: acomputer usable storage medium including computer usable program codefor management of a software service, the non-transitory computerprogram product including: computer usable program code for receiving arequest to deploy the software service in a computer network; computerusable program code for performing a dependency analysis for thesoftware service to determine component software services and physicalresources necessary to deploy and manage a new software service as acomposite in response to the software service being a new softwareservice; computer usable program code for creating an active object tomanage the new software service using an active template based on thedependency analysis, wherein the active object is configured to make oneor more decisions by interacting with other active objects of othersoftware services deployed in the computer network; computer usableprogram code for deploying, responsive to the one or more decisions, thenew software service in the computer network using the active object andin accordance with the one or more decisions made by the active object;and computer usable program code for managing the new software serviceusing the active object.
 18. The non-transitory computer program productof claim 17, wherein the dependency analysis is triggered by animbalance in a current state and a desired state of the softwareservice, wherein the imbalance in the current state and the desiredstate may occur in response to at least one of a service request, arequest from a dependent service, global policies, global managementactions, administrative actions, a supporting service, a supportingphysical resource, or a spontaneous change in a state of the softwareservice.
 19. A system having an active repository comprising: one ormore processors, one or more computer readable memories, and one or morenon-transitory computer readable storage devices; a plurality of activetemplates stored in the one or more non-transitory computer readablestorage devices; and an active object repository containing programinstructions stored on the one or more non-transitory computer readablestorage devices, wherein the program instructions are configured forexecution on the one or more processors via the one or more memories to:receive a request to deploy a software service in a computer network;perform a dependency analysis for the software service to determinecomponent software services and a first set of physical resourcesnecessary to deploy and manage the software service as a composite inresponse to the software service being a new software service; create anactive object to manage the new software service using an activetemplate based on the dependency analysis, wherein the active object isconfigured to make one or more decisions by interacting with otheractive objects of other software services deployed in the computernetwork; responsive to the one or more decisions, deploy the newsoftware service in the computer network using the active object and inaccordance with the one or more decisions made by the active object; andwherein the active object manages the new software service by monitoringthe new software service to determine if the new software service mustbe re-deployed on a second set of physical resources based on a policy,and responsive to the determination that the new software service mustbe re-deployed on the second set of physical resources, by re-deployingthe new software service to the second set of physical resources. 20.The active repository of claim 19, wherein the dependency analysis istriggered by an imbalance in a current state and a desired state of thesoftware service, wherein the imbalance in the current state and thedesired state may occur in response to at least one of a servicerequest, a request from a dependent service, global policies, globalmanagement actions, administrative actions, a supporting service, asupporting physical resource, or a spontaneous change in a state of thesoftware service.